Refrakční příčiny akomodačně vergenčních poruch
| Title in English | Refractive causes of accommodation-vergence disorders |
|---|---|
| Authors | |
| Year of publication | 2026 |
| Type | Peer-reviewed scientific article |
| Magazine / Source | JEMNÁ OPTIKA A MECHANIKA |
| MU Faculty or unit | |
| Citation | |
| web | link |
| Keywords | refractive; error; heterophoria |
| Description | Objectives: The aim of our study was to demonstrate a statistically significant correlation between refractive error and heterophoria at distance and near and to identify statistically significant differences in refraction in probands with esophoria and exophoria at near. Material and methods: The study population comprised 38 probands and 76 eyes (n = 38) with a mean age of 22.1 ± 4.5 years. The sample included 4 men and 34 women. They were mainly young and generally healthy individuals. Serious eye pathologies were not diagnosed by the ophthalmologist. To prove hypothesis B, we divided the study populations of 38 probands into 3 subgroups according to the magnitude of the detected heterophoria at near. Objective refraction was measured on a standard TRK-1P instrument refractometer (Topcon Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Heterophoria at distance and near was measured using the von Graefe technique with a vertical dissociative prism and at near with a Howell card. Results: The values of Spearman's correlation coefficient for the right eyes were r = -0.03 for distance heterophoria and r = 0.03 for near heterophoria and for the left eyes r = -0.06 for distance heterophoria and r = -0.002 for near heterophoria; these values indicated a very low correlation. All results were statistically significant at the p > 0.05 level. Furthermore, the Wilcoxon test was used to determine the mutual agreement of two variables. The results of this test at the statistically significant level of p = 0.05 showed that there was no difference in the refractive states of probands with exophoria and esophoria for near. Conclusion: The results of the correlation tests show that the spherical equivalent of refraction at a statistically significant level according to our study does not correlate with the magnitude of heterophoria at a distance and at a near distance. In the latter case, we can state that we did not detect a statistically significant difference in the refractive states of probands with exophoria and esophoria at a near distance. Keywords: refractive error, refractometer, Von Graefe, prism, Howell card, heterophoria |
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