Pathophysiology - Exam Questions

May 2003

 

GENERAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

 

  1. Normality, health and disease. Descriptivism contra normativism
  2. Identification of  health and disease.  Alternative contra graded model of health and disease
  3. Basic concepts of gene physiology. Regulation of gene activity and its pathophysiology
  4. Genic variability of the hemoglobin and G6PD molecules
  5. Rare and common alleles, monogenic and multigenic diseases
  6. Cell injury: causes, effects and responses
  7. Oncogenesis and the genic basis of cancer
  8. Cancer: biology and clinical course
  9. Acute inflammation
  10. Chronic inflammation
  11. Healing, regeneration, repair
  12. Cellular and tissue effects of ionizing radiation
  13. Organismal effects of ionizing radiation
  14. Disturbances in homeostasing body temperature
  15. Pain

ORGAN SYSTEMS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

 

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

 

  1. Function of a cardiomyocyte
  2. Cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances
  3. Systolic and diastolic myocardial function
  4. Valvular heart disease
  5. Congenital heart defects
  6. Myocardial ischemia and infarction
  7. Cardiomyopathies
  8. Cor pulmonale
  9. Pericardial disease
  10. Infective endocarditis
  11. Pathological overload of the heart, systolic and diastolic dysfunction
  12. Heart failure
  13. Circulatory shock
  14. Hypertension, primary and secondary
  15. Peripheral vascular diseases

 

DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND NUTRITION

 

  1. Esophagus, stomach and duodenum
  2. Exocrine pancreas
  3. Liver and bile system
  4. Small intestine
  5. Colon
  6. Clinical nutrition

 

ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC DISORDERS

 

  1. Hormone action. Endocrine hypofunction and hyperfunction
  2. Anterior and posterior pituitary
  3. Adrenal glands
  4. Glucose metabolism and diabetes mellitus
  5. Reproductive system
  6. Thyroid gland
  7. Metabolic bone diseases

 

HEMATOLOGIC, RHEUMATOLOGIC AND IMMUNOLOGIC DISORDERS

 

  1. Anemias
  2. Disorders of myelopoiesis. Hematopoetic stem cells and progenitor  cells
  3. Lymphocytes and lymphoproliferative disorders
  4. Hemostasis and thrombosis
  5. Systemic rheumatic diseases
  6. Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis
  7. Gout

 

PULMONARY DISEASES

 

  1. Pulmonary gas exchange
  2. Respiratory system mechanics
  3. Control of ventilation
  4. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
  5. Allergic respiratory diseases
  6. Interstitial lung disease
  7. Pulmonary edema
  8. Diseases of pleura
  9. Venous thromboembolism
  10. Pulmonary failure

 

RENAL AND ELECTROLYTE DISORDERS

 

  1. Physiology od membrane transports
  2. Pathophysiology of membrane transports
  3. Relationship between plasma solute concentration and its excretion by the kidneys
  4. Renal perfusion and filtration
  5. Glomerular disorders
  6. Acute renal failure
  7. Chronic renal failure
  8. Tubulointerstitial disorders
  9. Physiology and general pathophysiology of water and electrolytes
  10. Disturbances of intravascular volume and tonicity
  11. Disorders of potassium homeostasis
  12. Acid-base disturbances
  13. Disorders of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium

 

NEUROLOGIC DISEASES AND SPECIAL SENSES

 

  1. Disorders of consciousness and cognition
  2. The motor system
  3. The sensory system
  4. Basal ganglia, parkinsonism
  5. The cerebellar system
  6. The special senses and oculomotor system
  7. Disorders of cerebrospinal fluid and intracranial pressure
  8. Seizures and epilepsy
  9. Head pain
  10. Cerebrovascular disorders
  11. Infections of the central nervous system

 

PRACTICAL TRAINING THEMES

 

1.      Ethical issues in the use of animals in research. Safety in the laboratory. Studies on laboratory animals. Preparation of animals for experiments

2.      Statistical evaluation of experiments

3.      Modelling of pathophysiological processes in the bone marrow. Principles of chronotherapy

4.      Genetics of regulations in pathophysiology

5.      Anaphylactic response in rabbit

6.      Experimentally induced peptic ulcer in the rat

7.      Examination of gastric juice in the rat

8.      Measurement of skin conductivity in man

9.      Radiation damage of blood forming tissues

10.  Examination of the lung function in man.

11.  Pathophysiology of acid-base balance

12.  Atherosclerosis, dopplerometry

13.  Model of renal ischemia in rat

14.  Ambulatory monitoring of 24-h blood pressure. Blood pressure and heart-rate changes associated with orthostatic changes, isometric muscle tension and light physical exercise

15.  Electrocardiography in the rat. Changes in ECG during acute asphyxia and haemorrhage

16.  Electrocardiography in man. Evaluation of ECG records

17.  Myocardial infarction in rabbit. Direct measurement of the blood pressure in the rabbit

18.  Estimation of kinetics of renal insulin excretion in the rat

19.  Assay of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes by electrophoresis in agarose gel

20.  Experimentally induced diabetes mellitus. Glucose tolerance test in the rat

21.  Model of the peritoneal dialysis in the rat