| Popis |
Saliva is part of the defense mechanisms of specific and non-specific immunity. They contain water (99.4%), organic substances (0.6%) (mucin, ?-amylase, lipase, lysozyme, immunoglobulin A, lactoferrin) and inorganic substances (HCO3) - I-, K +, Cl-, Ca2 +, phosphates. The most important antimicrobial proteins in saliva are mucin (20- 30% of proteins), immunoglobulins, agglutinin, lysozyme and lactoferrin. Salivary immunoglobulins belong primarily to the IgA subclass (> 85%) and to a lesser extent to the IgG subclass. Together, they make up about 5-15% of total salivary protein. IgA has the ability to neutralize toxins and viruses, agglutinate bacteria, prevents the adhesion of bacteria to the mucous membranes.Lysozyme contained in secretions disrupts the polysaccharide complex in the walls of gram-positive bacteria and is one of the substance mechanisms of non-specific immunity. Monitoring of immune parameters of saliva (concentration of IgA, lysozyme and total amount of protein) in high-performance youth under 18 years of age in the disciplines: swimming, gymnastics, badminton Comparison of set values between athletes and non-sporting controls Comparison between individual sports during rest and after exercise. ELISA for IgA determination, radial immunodiffusion. A difference was observed between controls and the whole group of athletes, where athletes have a statistically significantly higher level of IgA, a lower level of lysozyme. In the group of athletes in period 2, ie after a heavy load, it was found for individual sports: Swimming: statistically significant increase in IgA, increase in lysozyme, decrease in concentration of protein Gymnastics: statistically significant decrease in IgA, decrease in lysozyme, increase in c protein Badminton: statistically significant increase in IgA, decrease in lysozyme, increase in c protein. Overall, with a high training and racing load, there was a tendency to worsen heart rate variability, especially in swimmers, less in gymnastics, the least in badminton. The reason is probably the number of training units and the load on the body. Athletes from the swimming group, in contrast to the other two groups, reacted in the parameters of the amount of IgA and the amount of lysozyme in the period after training, and thus after a high load, the opposite trend. It is therefore possible that the amount of these two parameters depends on the type of sport.
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