Nutrition in Pediatric Intensive Care: A Narrative Review

Authors

KRATOCHVÍL Milan KLUČKA Jozef KLABUSAYOVÁ Eva MUSILOVÁ Tereza VAFEK Václav SKŘÍŠOVSKÁ Tamara DJAKOW Jana HAVRÁNKOVÁ Pavla OSINOVÁ Denisa ŠTOURAČ Petr

Year of publication 2022
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Children-Basel
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Medicine

Citation
Web https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/9/7/1031
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9071031
Keywords nutrition; nutrition support; enteral feeding; parenteral nutrition; pediatric; child; intensive care
Description Nutrition support in pediatric intensive care is an integral part of a complex approach to treating critically ill children. Smaller energy reserves with higher metabolic demands (a higher basal metabolism rate) compared to adults makes children more vulnerable to starvation. The nutrition supportive therapy should be initiated immediately after intensive care admission and initial vital sign stabilization. In absence of contraindications (unresolving/decompensated shock, gut ischemia, critical gut stenosis, etc.), the preferred type of enteral nutrition is oral or via a gastric tube. In the acute phase of critical illness, due to gluconeogenesis and muscle breakdown with proteolysis, the need for high protein delivery should be emphasized. After patient condition stabilization, the acute phase with predominant catabolism converts to the anabolic phase and intensive rehabilitation, where high energy demands are the keystone of a positive outcome.
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