Markery nádorové etiologie pleurálních výpotků
| Title in English | Markers of malignant pleural effusion |
|---|---|
| Authors | |
| Year of publication | 2023 |
| Type | Article in Periodical |
| Magazine / Source | Studia Pneumologica et Phthiseologica |
| MU Faculty or unit | |
| Citation | |
| Web | https://www.plicnilekarstvi.cz/casopis/ |
| Keywords | biomarkers; cytology; immunocytochemistry; miRNA; pleural effusion; proteomics |
| Description | Malignant pleural effusion is one of the most common types of pleural effusion. Cytology plays an important role in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion, but its main disadvantage is low sensitivity. There is a considerable variation in the sensitivity of cytology depending on the location of the primary tumor. Tumor biomarkers in pleu-ral fluid are useful in a subset of patients with suspected malignant pleural effusion with negative cytology results. The article aims to clearly classify markers of tumor etiology of pleural effusions. Soluble protein biomarkers in pleural fluid are not recommended in isolation for the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion, and the routine role of their combination in the diagnostic algorithm is controversial. Immunocytochemistry is a laboratory method that uses antibodies to identify specific antigens in a sample of cells. It is used not only to differentiate between malignant and benign mesothelial proliferations, but also to detect carcinomas of unknown origin. Molecular markers are essential for the identification of tumors suitable for targeted therapy. Novel biomarkers include genomic DNA, transcriptomic RNA, proteomics and metabolomics. Based on recent findings, we summarize a selection of the most diagnostically useful free mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs. In pleural effusion, certain proteins are secre-ted into the pleural fluid, which may represent markers of specific diseases. Protein chips appear to be a new and promising technique for studying the proteome. Metabolites could potentially serve as useful biomarkers for the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion. In our review, we present the complexity of markers of malignant pleural effusions and their potential use in future clinical practice. |