Fyziologie vidění
| Title in English | Physiology of vision |
|---|---|
| Authors | |
| Year of publication | 2011 |
| Type | Chapter of a book |
| MU Faculty or unit | |
| Citation | |
| Description | The most important role in the development of visual perception have the retinal pigment epithelium cells and photoreceptors. RPE cells are arranged in a monolayer. These are the highly specialized pigment cells, which are located between neuroretina and choroid. Their primary function is to meet the metabolic needs of photoreceptors in the process of vision, especially phagocytosis of outer segments of photoreceptors and to allow regeneration of retinol metabolism, as well as the formation of outer hematoretinal barrier, the formation of extracellular matrix and regulation of transport of ions and metabolites. The fovea is an area with the highest visual acuity. This area is unique to primates and human retina. In other mammals, we observe the so-called area centralis, the visual line. If the visual stimulus is recorded in the peripheral retina, the eye is automatically rotated so that the visual sensation hit the fovea. Automatically, therefore we create a visual sensation in the areas of highest visual acuity. The retina is two kinds of photoreceptors: rods and cones. Their mutual numerical ratio is 20 to 1. This means that the constructed substantially outweigh the rods cones. |