Effects of Microtubule and Actin Inhibitors on Cryptococcus neoformans Examined by Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy
| Authors | |
|---|---|
| Year of publication | 2014 |
| Type | Article in Periodical |
| Magazine / Source | Chemotherapy |
| MU Faculty or unit | |
| Citation | |
| Doi | http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000371413 |
| Field | Genetics and molecular biology |
| Keywords | yeast; vincristine; methyl benzimidazole-2-ylcarbamate; latrunculin A; electron microscopy |
| Description | Background: Cryptococcus neoformans is one of the most important human fungal pathogens. Its cells contain rich microtubules required for nuclear division and rich F-actin cytoskeletons for cell division. Disruption of microtubules by a microtubule inhibitor should block nuclear division, and disruption of F-actin by an actin inhibitor should block cell division. We investigated the effects of microtubule and actin inhibitors to find out whether the cytoskeletons of C. neoformans can become a new anti-fungal target for the inhibition of cell division, when examined at the ultrastructural level. Methods: Cells treated with the microtubule inhibitors vincristine (VIN) and methyl benzimidazole-2-ylcarbamate (BCM) and the actin inhibitor latrunculin A (LA), in yeast extract peptone dextrose medium, were examined by scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the cell number was counted using a Bürker chamber. Results: After 2 days of inhibition with VIN, BCM or LA, the cells did not divide, but later, resistant, proliferating cells appeared in all samples. With combined microtubule and actin inhibitors (VIN + LA or BCM + LA), cells did not divide during 6 or even 14 days, and no resistant cells originated. TEM showed that the inhibited cells were without cytoplasm and were dead; only empty cell walls persisted with reduced capsules, shown on SEM. Conclusion: Combined microtubule and actin inhibitors (VIN + LA or BCM + LA), have lethal effects on C. neoformans cells and no resistant cells originate. |
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